List of products by author: X. Lu

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  Solving Tunnel External Loads Based on Betti’s Reciprocal Theorem

  Abstract: Soft ground tunnels are vulnerable to a variety of defects during operation. With rapid development of urban rail systems worldwide, especially in China, tunnel structural health assessment has brought extensive attention. Surrounded by soils and groundwater, tunnels are different from bridges, buildings, roadways and other above-ground structures due to the uncertainties associated with the...

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