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Abstract: This study is about the tunnel construction by conventional tunneling method and the ground reinforcement which was formed by the backfill soil. The site is adjacent to railway track and it was backfilled under the emergency condition due to the collapse of temporary earth retaining structures(TERS). The failure surface was along the hidden discontinuity layer under the existing railway track....
Abstract: Thin spray-on membrane, which is a sprayed waterproofing membrane is considered as a measure of a conventional waterproofing sheet since it can be easily sprayed on sprayed concrete or excavated rock surface. Especially, it can be utilized in a single-shell tunnel because it can transfer loads acting on a sprayed concrete layer to the other sprayed concrete layer. However, the interfacial...