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Abstract: Due to the close vicinity to the foundations of several buildings, and most of all, to the operating running tunnels of Line 2, the construction of the connection tunnel linking Line 4´s Paulista station with Line 2´s Consolação station of the São Paulo´s Metro system presented important technical challenges. The excavation of the tunnel required special procedures to restrain and monitor the...
Abstract: The powerhouse cavern and the gate shaft of the Palomino hydropower scheme were excavated in a metasedimentary rockmass of low to intermediate strength. The overburden of the excavations was 270 m, resulting in in situ stresses in the range of 6 MPa. Due to the relatively high stress level in relation to the strength of the rock, the need for heavy supports of the excavations, by means of a...