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Abstract: Improving productivity through the adoption and development of a new IT technology is becoming a new paradigm in the construction industry. In infrastructure projects, cost reduction through Value Engineering (VE) is becoming the major concern of construction projects. As a result, civil Building Information Modelling (BIM) is being adopted. The application of civil BIM is usually considered as...
Abstract: This study is about the tunnel construction by conventional tunneling method and the ground reinforcement which was formed by the backfill soil. The site is adjacent to railway track and it was backfilled under the emergency condition due to the collapse of temporary earth retaining structures(TERS). The failure surface was along the hidden discontinuity layer under the existing railway track....