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Abstract: Many countries have planned high-speed railways in order to shorten time to transport passengers and commodities. Many European countries and Japan have a state art of technologies of high-speed railways [1]. These days, United States and China have started numerous researches and planned a lot of high-speed railway transportation systems [2] [3]. South Korea is also planning and constructing...
Abstract: These days, mechanized tunneling using TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) has become very popular in many countries. There are numerous advantages using a TBM in contrast to a conventional tunneling technique such as NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method). Even though a mechanized tunneling requires significantly large investment for preparing a TBM and its facilities, it is more beneficial to adopt...