Search & filter
Search & filter
Abstract: Urban underground space has been explored and used as basement, passageway, metro tun-nel and parking garage for a long time. The development of relatively shallow underground space is the primary stage, during which the mentioned underground structures are relatively small in scale, span length and depth. People usually go into these places only for passing by, they don’t like to stay in these...
Abstract: The rail transit (metro) system in metropolis is one of the best solutions to relieve the congested transportation pressures. In Shanghai, the metro system with a 538km of mileage takes up 43% of daily public transportation volume. In operating such a huge system, the safety of tunnel lining structures subjected to any unexpected hazards is badly concerned by the government and the engineers....