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Abstract: The 20 km of HATS2A sewage conveyance tunnels excavated by drill & blast are placed from 70 to 160 m below sea level and pass underneath the Victoria Harbour shoreline of Hong Kong Island. Extremely strict limits on residual groundwater ingress were imposed to avoid surface settlement and damage, requiring Pre-Excavation Grouting (PEG) to limits between 2.5 and 50 L/min/100 m of tunnel. 89%...