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Abstract: The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) System was introduced over 40 years ago, and since then has become a worldwide reference, along with the Q system, for design applications involving estimation of rock mass properties and tunnel support. A massive database of experience has been recorded in the process. On the 25th anniversary of the last modification of the RMR System in 1989, known as the RMR89, an...
Abstract: The Mackenzie access of Higienópolis Station, of the Sao Paulo Line 4 subway consists of two siccative shafts, one of them was built several years ago and the construction of the second one began in 2012. When 31 m of the second shaft were excavated, it was a soil piping phenomena in the bottom of the shaft. To complete the construction of the Mackenzie Shaft the monitoring data was analyzed by...