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Abstract: The London tunnelling sector has been very active in recent years with many tunnels constructed using Sprayed Concrete Linings (SCL), often incorporating a sprayed waterproofing system between the primary and secondary linings. This paper discusses the use of a sprayed waterproofing membrane in tunnels constructed using the SCL method at the Bond Street...
Abstract: As a sprayed concrete lined tunnel is advanced, it is important to monitor the strength development of sprayed concrete to ensure the workers are not at risk from falls of sprayed concrete, and that the lining has sufficient strength to support the ground loads and maintain stability of the tunnel. This is usually achieved using a combination of needle penetrometer and stud driving tests in a...