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Abstract: This paper describes the challenges, driving forces and possible solutions associated with adapting tunnel design to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology according to the latest standards for assessing the sustainability of engineering works (EN 15643-5 and EN 17472) in order to create a working framework for the LCA of hard rock tunnels. A review of current design practice and published...
Abstract: ABSTRACT Steel fibre reinforcement in homogenous, intact, wet-mix shotcrete show an excellent durability against corrosion. The alkaline concrete environment gives good protection but the relatively thin shotcrete layers may crack due to shrinkage and other deformations. Durability requirements today often demands service-life of more than 100 years, which is not realistic with a maintained...