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Abstract: Colombia possesses a strategic geographical location for international trade. Underdeveloped road infrastructure has hindered taking advantage of this condition, and approximately over 80% of cargo is transported through old corridors. The country lies within the Andean Mountains, where South American, Nazca and Caribbean plates converge, generating a complex SE-NW fault system, as well as high...
Abstract: Colombia is located in the northwest of South America, has 49 million inhabitants, 1.1 million km² of surface; and complex geomorphology, high rainfall, and seismicity where tunnels are key to successfully interconnect the territory. In this new century, the country faces big challenges with the Infrastructure Master Plan (250 km of tunnels) which includes "La Línea” tunnel (8,65 km). This is...