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Abstract: In the early XX century, a long base-tunnel (the Great Tunnel of the Apennines - GTA - 18.507 km long) was executed between Bologna and Firenze (Italy). During excavation, large water inrushes, methane inflows and swelling events occurred, with many injuries and casualties. In this paper, we present a re-visitation of the main geological concerns of the GTA in order to understand, at the light...