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Abstract: Whilst junctions between a tunnel and another tunnel, shaft, or other underground structure typically account for only a small proportion of the total length of a tunnelling project, their design and construction invariably present significant challenges. These challenges manifest themselves during the excavation and the installation of both the initial and permanent support. While many...
Abstract: Whilst junctions between a tunnel and another tunnel, shaft, or other underground structure typically account for only a small proportion of the total length of a tunnelling project, their design and construction invariably present significant challenges. These challenges manifest themselves during the excavation and the installation of both the initial and permanent support. While many...