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Abstract: The use of shield around the TBM allows the machine to pass through weak grounds and adverse geological conditions. However, using the shielded machine limits access to the walls for observation of ground conditions and presence of shield makes the machine susceptible to entrapment or seizure in weak rocks under high stresses which results in high convergence. On the other hand, failure of the...
Abstract: Squeezing behaviour, which might be observed in tunnelling through the weak ground under high in-situ stresses, yield large deformations at tunnel boundaries. To control this ground convergence and provide tunnel stability, it is essential to implement some precaution measures such as implementing the yielding supports. These yielding elements are installed and embedded between the lining...
Abstract: Excavation of long and deep tunnels by shielded TBMs is a safe, fast, and efficient method of tunneling that mitigates many risks related to ground conditions. However, TBM applications in difficult conditions such as squeezing ground may lead to problems such as shield jamming. For successful tunneling in such conditions, it is essential to study the...