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Abstract: In subsea tunnel constructions, where water pressure is higher than 20 bars, the convention grouting technologies are restricted to apply because they cannot implement appropriate water cut-off. For these extreme conditions, the artificial ground freezing (AGF) method can be an effective alternative, especially for constructing cross passages of a subsea tunnel through highly-fractured fault...
Abstract: The artificial ground freezing technique can be a promising tool for constructing cross passages of a subsea tunnel through highly-fractured fault zones. To design the artificial ground freezing method, it is very important to estimate the thermal conductivity of unfrozen and frozen soils. Because the direct measurement of thermal conductivity of frozen soil is a complex and time-consuming task...