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Abstract: Traditionally, no bond has been assumed across waterproof membranes installed between primary and secondary tunnel linings. Spray-applied membranes offer the opportunity to consider some bond between the two linings, producing a composite action. The composite action has been verified through a significant laboratory testing programme from research from Pillai et.al. (2017)1 and an analytical...
Abstract: Recent research shows that the use of a Mohr-Coulomb strain softening constitutive model can represent the load sharing behaviour in a composite tunnel lining where the waterproofing membrane produces a composite action between the primary and secondary linings (Pillai et.al., 2017). The use of a Mohr-Coulomb model requires finite element analysis with the use of a very fine mesh to model the