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Abstract: Up to now, cut and cover method has been widely used as the main tunnelling method for excavating a shallow over burden tunnel in unconsolidated ground. Recently, due to the development of the construction and measurement techniques, the construction of the shallow over burden tunnel in soft ground using New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) have been increasing. For example, during the...
Abstract: Due to the topographic and route conditions along the Bullet Train lines in Japan, a number of shallow overburden tunnels were excavated in unconsolidated ground using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). However, ground and tunnel settlements frequently occurred due to the low stiffness of the ground. In the current study, a typical Shinkansen tunnel section with different overburden...