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Abstract: The iconic Istanbul Strait Road Tube Crossing Project (Eurasia Tunnel) includes 2.1 miles (3.4 km) of a bored double deck tunnel under the Bosphorus Strait and 0.62 mile (1 km) of twin NATM tunnels on the Asian side. The region’s variable geology, hydrology and propensity for seismic activity, combined with high water pressure and large-diameter/double-deck tunnel configuration, make the...