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Abstract: Expressway tunnel has aged routes of no less than 35 years old. With the ageing of these, deterioration and damage of their structures and facilities have become apparent. Expressway are the most important arterial roads in Japan, and therefore, maintenance of good service levels will continue to be required in the future. For tunnels, as shown in the figure and the table, there exist...
Abstract: The concept of performance-based design, which mainly focuses on mechanical performance, has become the international standard, as in the case for International Standards organisation (ISO). The standardization of tunnel design has not been achieved because it requires the integration of separate specialized fields, such as geotechnical engineering, structural engineering and concrete...