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Abstract: Several cities are in advanced stages of planning, developing and expanding the sub-surface civil and social infrastructure. Many others just consider starting the planned use of UUS (urban underground space). This paper presents a general framework of logical steps for effective pre-planning, exploration and professional management of the underground space. The paper will explain in details...
Abstract: Reviewing case studies of tunneling or underground works, the roots of problems are primarily in the lack of information and risk assessment or improper interpretation of them. Underground projects are special types of construction. Most of the risks characterizing general construction are relevant to them, but several distinctive groups of risk factors must be thoroughly analyzed, which can...