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Abstract: Under the German Railway Regulation RIL 853, long railway tunnels must consist of two single-track tunnel tubes connected every 500 m by cross passages, to ensure an escape route from one tunnel to the other in the event of fire. Because of the almost circular shape of these single-track main tunnels and the requirement that they should be made to hold back water under hydrostatic pressure,...
Abstract: Terms like ‘the 21st century approach’, ‘a new level of protection’, ‘innovative, costeffective method for tunnel waterproofing’, ‘a future design for dry’, ‘water resistance for hydrostatic pressures up to 100 bars’ [Ouellet 2013] and ‘significant project savings’ have introduced the technology of spray-applied membranes to the tunnelling industry in the last couple of years, providing high...