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Abstract: Increasing demand on energy boosted up the construction of hydro-electric power plants (HEPP) in Turkey in the last decade, especially after including the private sector into the energy market. The installed capacity of current HEPPs in Turkey is over 20,000 MW providing for more than 70 billion kWh hydropower energy (Yilmaz et al., 2014). However, after realization of around 1,500 new HEPP...
Abstract: Utilization of TBMs is unavoidable for tunnels considered in urbanized areas to realize fast and cheaper construction and excavation performance of TBMs is very crucial for economy of these projects. Terminology on excavation performance of TBMs includes generally daily and monthly advance rates, instantaneous penetration rates, cutterhead torque requirements, TBM thrust requirements, machine...