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Abstract: By the help of recent advanced technologies and innovative solutions in steel and reinforced concrete immersed tunnels, very deep and very long sea crossings under challenging ground and environmental conditions becomes feasible and competitive. Sandwich or hybrid immersed tunnels are popular in Japan where both internal and external surfaces are constructed by structural steel plates. Steel...
Abstract: By the help of recent advanced technologies and innovative solutions in steel and reinforced concrete immersed tunnels, very deep and very long sea crossings under challenging ground and environmental conditions becomes feasible and competitive. Sandwich or hybrid immersed tunnels are popular in Japan where both internal and external surfaces are constructed by structural steel plates. Steel...
Abstract: Risk management in immersed tunnel construction works is one of the key elements which cannot be underestimated and is an essential tool to lead the immersed tunnelling works to be successful by forecasting potential hazards in a proactive manner and eliminating or mitigating impact or consequence on project itself, third parties and existing facilities influenced by a project. It is ordinarily...