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Abstract: In tunnel and mining applications spraying of concrete is a well-established and economical alternative to conventional casting techniques. Further time and cost savings are achieved when fiber reinforced concrete is applied. As consequence of stress at early age due to plastic or drying shrinkage, permanent or cyclic load stress cracks may be formed which then serve as penetration paths for...
Abstract: Spraying of concrete is a widely used alternative to conventional construction techniques. The shotcrete may be reinforced with fibers to increase its mechanical performance. Because of the relatively high impact velocity, the concrete and the fibers do not adhere completely onto the treated surface and generally a large quantity of rebound is observed. Furthermore, the orientation of the...