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Abstract: The iconic Istanbul Strait Road Tube Crossing Project (Eurasia Tunnel) includes 2.1 miles (3.4 km) of a bored double deck tunnel under the Bosphorus Strait and 0.62 mile (1 km) of twin NATM tunnels on the Asian side. The region’s variable geology, hydrology and propensity for seismic activity, combined with high water pressure and large-diameter/double-deck tunnel configuration, make the...
Abstract: With the demand for tunnels growing, especially in urban areas, the ability to construct these tunnels without disrupting congested areas on the surface has become more important. Conventional tunneling has become increasingly popular as it is very useful in these urban environments, as well as in soft ground. Conventional tunneling, also known as the New Austrian Tunnel Method (NATM) or the...
Abstract: The Devil’s Slide tunnel is located along the California coast between Pacifica and Montara, west of the San Francisco Bay in the USA in a region with steep and unstable geological formation. The twin tubes were constructed beneath San Pedro Mountain using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Each tube is 9m wide x 6.8m high and 1300m long making it the longest highway tunnel in...