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Abstract: Ground assessment processes based on face mapping are closely related to the stability and economic feasibility of NATM tunnels while the expertise of field engineers is a highly important factor. In Korea, tunnel collapse accidents and economic losses have continued to occur due to technical, economic, and institutional problems during NATM tunnel construction. Such problems have led to...
Abstract: A given rock mass is likely to contain geological structures such as faults, joints, and foliations formed as a result of tectonic activity. Such geological structures represent anisotropy and heterogeneity within the rock mass and lower its strength, reducing the overall stability of the rock mass, and acting as a geological risk factor for tunnel or slope excavation. Heterogeneity in particle...