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  Investigations into Heaving of Railway Roadbed in Mountain Tunnels and Effect of Countermeasure Work

  This paper outlines long-term investigations on heaving in railway roadbeds as seen in mountain tunnels and effectiveness of countermeasures. Roadbed heaving and track upheaval have been confirmed in certain tunnels. The heaving did not stop despite track maintenance intended to mitigate it. Furthermore, heaving tended to progress at specific locations. Through detailed and long-term investigations on these upheavals, we confirmed the ground properties around tunnels and causes of roadbed heaving. We also developed a monitoring method to determine the exact area where countermeasure work was needed and priorities of countermeasure work. Moreover, we developed a method using downward rock bolts against heaving in tunnels without shutting down train operations. The rate of upheaval has gradually decreased with the installation of rock bolts into the roadbed. A chain of maintenance cars was also developed to achieve further reduction of in both work duration and cost. The developed techniques are contributing to the safety and service of train operations.

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