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Abstract: Within the scope of the Melen project, a tunnel project with an inner diameter of 4 m has been designed to transport the drinking water brought to the distribution centre in Kağıthane district on the European side of Istanbul to the western part of the city. At the beginning of the project, a 21 km long TBM tunnel and 8 shafts, due to both the lowering of the TBM to the tunnel elevations and...